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What is string in php?

String variables are used for values that contain characters. A string can be used directly in a function or it can be stored in a variable. String value are enclosed within single or double quotes marks.

Example.

<?php
$str = "Hello";
$ss = 'hi';

echo $str;
echo $ss;
?>



Output :-

Hello
hi

Difference between single ' ' quotation and double " " quotation. :-

singly quoted strings are treated almost literally, whereas doubly quoted string replace variable with their values as well as specially interpreting certain character sequence.

<?php
$var = "mahtab";
$str = 'my name is $var';
print ($str);
$ss = "my name is $var";
print($ss);
?>

Output :-
my name is $var
my name is mahtab

Concatenation operator :-

There is only one string operator in php. The concatenation operator (.) is used to join two string values together.

<?php
$str1 = "my name is ";
$str2 = "mahtab";
echo $str1. " " .$str2;
?>

Output :-

my name is mahtab

Example :-

<?php
$x = 5;
$y = star;
$add = $x.$y;
?>
Output :- 5star

strlen() function :-

It return the length of the string in characters.

<?php
$str = "mahtab";
echo $str;
$len = strlen($str);
echo $len;
echo strlen("hello");
?>
6 5

strops() function :-

The strops( ) function is used to search for a character or specific text within a string. If a match is found, it will return the character position of the first match. If no match is found it will return false.

<?php
echo strops("hello mahtab", "mahtab");
?>
Output :- 6

Comparing string :-

There are many ways in which two strings can be compared for equality.

  • strcmp()
  • strcasecmp( )
  • strspn( )
  • strcspn( )

    • The strcmp( ) function performs a binary-safe case-sensitive comparison of two string.

    int strcmp(String str1, String str2) :- it will return one of the three possible values.
    0 :- if str1 and str2 are equal.
    -1 :- if str1 is less than str2.
    1 :- if str1 is greater than str2.

    <?php
    $p1 = "password"; $p2 = "password2";
    if(strcmp($p1, $p2) != 0)
    {
    echo "password don't match";
    }
    else
    {
    echo "password match";
    }
    ?>

    Case insensitivity :-

    The strcasecmp( ) function operates exactly like strcmp( ), except that is comparison is case insensitive. Int strcasecmp(String s1, String s2)

    <?php
    $pwd1 = "mahtab"; $pwd2 = "MAHTAB";
    if(! strcasecmp($pwd1, $pwd2) )
    {
    echo "password don't match";
    }
    else
    {
    echo "password match";
    }
    ?>

    Similiarity between Two Strings :-

    The strspn( ) function returns the length of the first segment in a string containing characters also found in another strings.

    <?php
    $pwd = "12345678";
    If(strspn ($pwd, "12345") == strlen($pwd))
    Echo "passward doesn't match";
    ?>

    String Functions :-

    trim() :-

    trim function remove white space from the the beginning and end of a string.

    Syntax :-

    trim(string,charlist)

    here string is the user defined string.
    charlist is the optional.
    Specifies which characters to remove from the string. If omitted, all of the following characters are removed:
  • "\0" - NULL
  • "\t" - tab
  • "\n" - new line
  • "\x0B" - vertical tab
  • "\r" - carriage return
  • " " - ordinary white space
    • <?php
    $str = " itech tuto ";
    echo "Without trim: " . $str;
    echo "<br>";
    echo "With trim: " . trim($str);
    ?>

    <?php
    $str = "\n\n\nHello itechtuto!\n\n\n";
    echo "Without trim: " . $str;
    echo "<br>";
    echo "With trim: " . trim($str);
    ?>

    Output :-

    Without trim: Hello World!
    With trim: Hello World!

    Other Function

    ltrim() - Removes whitespace or other predefined characters from the beginning of a string
    rtrim() - Removes whitespace or other predefined characters from the end of a string

    Count The Number of Words in a String

    The PHP str_word_count() function counts the number of words in a string:

    <?php
    echo str_word_count("Hello itechtuto");
    ?>

    Output :-

    2

    Reverse a String

    in PHP, strrev() function reverses a string:

    <?php
    echo strrev("Hello itechtuto");
    ?>

    Output :-

    otuthceti olleh

    Replace Text Within a String

    str_replace() function replaces some characters with some other characters in a string.

    <?php
    echo str_replace("gmaxlifesciences", "itechtuto", "Hello gmaxlifesciences!");
    ?>

    Output :-

    Hello itechtuto





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