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What is Class or Static Variables in Python ?

Class Method

A class method is a method that is bound to the class and not the object of the class.
They have the access to the state of the class as it takes a class parameter that points to the class and not the object instance.
It can modify a class state that would apply across all the instances of the class. For example, it can modify a class variable that will be applicable to all the instances.

File name : index.py

class C(object):
@classmethod
def fun(cls, arg1, arg2, ...):

File name : index.py


File name : index.py


Static Method :-

A static method does not receive an implicit first argument.

A static method is also a method that is bound to the class and not the object of the class.
A static method can’t access or modify the class state.
It is present in a class because it makes sense for the method to be present in class.

File name : index.py

class C(object):
@staticmethod
def fun(arg1, arg2, ...):

Class method vs Static Method

A class method takes cls as the first parameter while a static method needs no specific parameters.
A class method can access or modify the class state while a static method can’t access or modify it.
In general, static methods know nothing about the class state. They are utility-type methods that take some parameters and work upon those parameters. On the other hand class methods must have class as a parameter.
We use @classmethod decorator in python to create a class method and we use @staticmethod decorator to create a static method in python

When to use what?

We generally use class method to create factory methods. Factory methods return class objects ( similar to a constructor ) for different use cases.

We generally use static methods to create utility functions.

File name : index.py

from datetime import date

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

# a class method to create a Person object by birth year.
@classmethod
def fromBirthYear(cls, name, year):
return cls(name, date.today().year - year)

# a static method to check if a Person is adult or not.
@staticmethod
def isAdult(age):
return age > 18

person1 = Person('mayank', 21)
person2 = Person.fromBirthYear('mayank', 1996)

print (person1.age)
print (person2.age)

# print the result
print (Person.isAdult(22))


Output


21
21
True





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