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What is File Handling in python?

Files are named locations on disk to store related information. They are used to permanently store data in a non-volatile memory.

When we want to read from or write to a file, we need to open it first.

File name : index.py

a file operation can be done in the following order.

Open a file
Read or write - Performing operation
Close the file

Opening Files in Python

Python has a built-in open() function to open a file. This function returns a file object.

open() function that accepts two arguments, file name and access mode in which the file is accessed. The function returns a file object which can be used to perform various operations like reading, writing, etc.

File name : index.py

file object = open(<file-name>, <access-mode>, <buffering>)

  • file_name − The file_name argument is a string value that contains the name of the file that you want to access.
  • access_mode − The access_mode determines the mode in which the file has to be opened, i.e., read, write, append, etc. default file access mode is read (r).
  • buffering − If the buffering value is set to 0, no buffering takes place. If the buffering value is 1, line buffering is performed while accessing a file. If you specify the buffering value as an integer greater than 1, then buffering action is performed with the indicated buffer size. If negative, the buffer size is the system default.

    • File name : index.py

    "r" - Read - Default value. Opens a file for reading, error if the file does not exist

    "a" - Append - Opens a file for appending, creates the file if it does not exist

    "w" - Write - Opens a file for writing, creates the file if it does not exist

    "x" - Create - Creates the specified file, returns an error if the file exists

    "t" - Text - Default value. Text mode
    "b" - Binary - Binary mode (e.g. images)
    "+" - Opens a file for updating (reading and writing)

    How to open file

    File name : index.py

    f = open("sana.txt")

    Example

    Here "r" for read, and "t" for text are the default values, you do not need to specify them.

    File name : index.py

    f = open("sana.txt", "rt")

    File

    File name : sana.txt

    This file is for testing purposes. Good Luck!

    Example

    File name : index.py

    f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
    print(f.read())

    If the file is located in a different location, you will have to specify the file path.

    File name : index.py

    f = open("D:\\myfiles\sana.txt", "r")
    print(f.read())

    Read Only Parts of the File

    By default the read() method returns the whole text, but you can also specify how many characters you want to return:

    File name : index.py

    f = open("sana.txt", "r")
    print(f.read(5))

    Return the 5 first characters of the file:

    Read Lines

    You can return one line by using the readline() method:

    File name : index.py

    f = open("sana.txt", "r")
    print(f.readline())

    ead the whole file, line by line

    File name : index.py

    f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
    for x in f:
    print(x)

    Close Files

    It is a good practice to always close the file when you are done with it.

    File name : index.py

    f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
    print(f.readline())
    f.close()

    Write to an Existing File

    "a" - Append - will append to the end of the file

    "w" - Write - will overwrite any existing content

    File name : index.py

    f = open("sana.txt", "a")
    f.write("Now the file has more content!")
    f.close()

    #open and read the file after the appending:
    f = open("sana.txt", "r")
    print(f.read())

    Override File

    File name : index.py

    f = open("sana.txt", "w")
    f.write("Woops! I have deleted the content!")
    f.close()

    #open and read the file after the appending:
    f = open("sana.txt", "r")
    print(f.read())

    Delete a File

    To delete a file, you must import the OS module, and run its os.remove() function:

    File name : index.py

    import os
    if os.path.exists("mahira.txt"):
    os.remove("demofile.txt")
    else:
    print("The file does not exist")

    Delete Folder

    To delete an entire folder, use the os.rmdir() method:

    File name : index.py

    import os
    os.rmdir("myfolder")





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