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Computer Hardware Components

Computer hardware is a the physical components (parts) of a computer, such as a case, input devices, output devices, central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM).
The parts of the computer that we can touch and see are called hardware. in other words, all tangible parts of computer is called hardware.
Computer hardware can be categorized either internal or external components. Generally, internal hardware components are those necessary for the proper functioning of the computer, while external hardware components are attached to the computer to add or enhance functionality.

What are internal computer hardware components?

Internal components collectively process or store the instructions delivered by the program or operating system (OS). These include the following:
  • Motherboard
  • CPU
  • RAM
  • Hard drive
  • Solid-state drive (SSD)
  • Optical drive
  • Heat sink
  • Graphics processing unit
  • Network interface card (NIC)

    • Other computing components, such as USB ports, power supplies, transistors and chips, are also types of internal hardware.


    What are external hardware components?

    External hardware components, also called peripheral components, are those items that are often externally connected to the computer to control either input or output functions.

    Common Input devices :-

  • Mouse
  • Keyboard
  • Microphone
  • Camera
  • Touchpad
  • USB flash drive
  • Memory card
  • joysticks
  • scanners
  • Track Ball
  • Light Pen
  • Bar Code Reader

    • Examples of output hardware components:-

  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • Speaker
  • Headphones, earphones, earbuds
  • Plotter

    • What is a Motherboard?

    A motherboard is the primary board of a computer . A motherboard is a circuit board inside computers that stores electrical components and helps them communicate. The data processing takes place in a processor. The processor is situated in a hardware circuit board called the motherboard.

    History of Motherboard :-

    The first-ever motherboard was used by the IBM in early 1980s. It was eventually called a planar. It is the main component through which the communication takes place between the other components and connects all the peripherals, therefore referred to as the motherboard. A computer is lifeless without a motherboard.

    How Does a Motherboard Work?

    The power supply transfers electricity to the motherboard so that the computer can use it when you turn on the computer. Data buses are used to transfer information between the southbridge and northbridge component of motherboard. The northbridge motherboard component is used to make the data connections to the CPU, RAM, or PCIe. The RAM starts feeding the CPU inputs. Depending on the type of card which you have, after being written to the PCIe the data is either copied or relocated to the expansion card. The southbridge motherboard component controls the data connection to the BIOS, the universal serial bus (USB), the serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), and the PCI bus. now your computer starts because signals sent to BIOS.

    Components of Motherboard :-

    A motherboard is made of plastic and silicon as well. It is a hub of a computer system. A motherboard is a complex component with various kinds of ports, slots, cables connected to it.
  • CPU Slot
  • RAM Slot
  • Expansion Slot
  • Capacitor
  • Inductor(Coil)
  • Northbridge
  • Southbridge
  • USB Port
  • PCI Slot
  • AGP Slot
  • Power Connector
  • CMOS Battery
  • Integrated Circuits (IC)

    • Types of Motherboard :-

  • 1. Advanced Technology (AT) motherboard
  • 2. Standard ATX motherboard
  • 3. Micro ATX motherboard
  • 4. eXtended ATX motherboard
  • 5. Flex ATX motherboard
  • 6. Low-Profile EXtended (LPX) motherboard
  • 7. BTX motherboard
  • 8. Pico BTX motherboard
  • 9. Mini ITX motherboard
  • 10. Mini STX motherboard






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